![]() Other carbon removal options include nature-based solutions (e.g. afforestation, reforestation, and restoration of coastal and marine habitats), measures to enhance naturally occurring processes (e.g. land management approaches to increase the carbon content in soil, biochar) and other technology-based solutions such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). ![]() Because certain sectors such as aviation and heavy industry are difficult to decarbonise, carbon removal technologies can offset their emissions and support a faster transition. Carbon removal is expected to be key in the transition to a net zero energy system in which the amount of CO 2 released into the atmosphere is equivalent to the amount being removed. What is direct air capture?ĭirect air capture is one of few technology options available to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere. In a transition to net zero emissions, however, the CO 2 used to produce synthetic fuels would increasingly need to be captured from sustainable bioenergy sources or from the atmosphere to avoid delayed emissions from fossil-based CO 2 when the fuel is combusted. This would not create negative emissions but could still generate climate benefits, for example if synthetic fuels replace conventional fossil fuels. ![]() Most large-scale opportunities to use the captured CO 2 would result in its rerelease into the atmosphere, such as when synthetic fuel is burned. When the filters are heated and placed under a vacuum, they release the concentrated CO 2, which is then captured for storage or use. Solid DAC technology makes use of solid sorbent filters that chemically bind with CO 2. The system reintegrates the chemicals back into the process by applying high-temperature heat while returning the rest of the air to the environment. Liquid systems pass air through chemical solutions (e.g. a hydroxide solution), which removes the CO 2. Today, two technology approaches are being used to capture CO 2 from the air: liquid and solid DAC. The CO 2 can be permanently stored in deep geological formations (thereby achieving negative emissions or carbon removal) or it can be used, for example in food processing or combined with hydrogen to produce synthetic fuels. Direct air capture (DAC) technologies extract CO 2 directly from the atmosphere.
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